Как объявить пустой массив в java
Чтобы объявить пустой массив в Java , нужно указать тип элементов и размер массива, равный нулю. Например, чтобы создать пустой массив целых чисел:
Также можно объявить массив любого другого типа, например:
Важно понимать, что пустой массив не равен null . Это просто массив с нулевой длиной, и вы можете безопасно обращаться к нему без опасения получить NullPointerException .
Объявить пустой массив в Java
В этом посте мы обсудим, как объявить пустой массив в Java.
1. Инициализатор массива
Чтобы создать пустой массив, вы можете использовать инициализатор массива. Длина массива равна количеству элементов, заключенных в фигурные скобки инициализатора массива. Java допускает инициализацию пустого массива, и в этом случае говорят, что массив пуст.
Следующий код создает массив нулевой длины, используя инициализатор пустого массива. Обратите внимание, что после создания массива его длина никогда не меняется. Если вы ищете массивы с изменяемым размером, используйте ArrayList вместо.
Arrays
An array is a container object that holds a fixed number of values of a single type. The length of an array is established when the array is created. After creation, its length is fixed. You have seen an example of arrays already, in the main method of the "Hello World!" application. This section discusses arrays in greater detail.
An array of 10 elements.
Each item in an array is called an element, and each element is accessed by its numerical index. As shown in the preceding illustration, numbering begins with 0. The 9th element, for example, would therefore be accessed at index 8.
The following program, ArrayDemo , creates an array of integers, puts some values in the array, and prints each value to standard output.
The output from this program is:
In a real-world programming situation, you would probably use one of the supported looping constructs to iterate through each element of the array, rather than write each line individually as in the preceding example. However, the example clearly illustrates the array syntax. You will learn about the various looping constructs ( for , while , and do-while ) in the Control Flow section.
Declaring a Variable to Refer to an Array
The preceding program declares an array (named anArray ) with the following line of code:
Like declarations for variables of other types, an array declaration has two components: the array's type and the array's name. An array's type is written as type[] , where type is the data type of the contained elements; the brackets are special symbols indicating that this variable holds an array. The size of the array is not part of its type (which is why the brackets are empty). An array's name can be anything you want, provided that it follows the rules and conventions as previously discussed in the naming section. As with variables of other types, the declaration does not actually create an array; it simply tells the compiler that this variable will hold an array of the specified type.
Similarly, you can declare arrays of other types:
You can also place the brackets after the array's name:
However, convention discourages this form; the brackets identify the array type and should appear with the type designation.
Creating, Initializing, and Accessing an Array
One way to create an array is with the new operator. The next statement in the ArrayDemo program allocates an array with enough memory for 10 integer elements and assigns the array to the anArray variable.
If this statement is missing, then the compiler prints an error like the following, and compilation fails:
The next few lines assign values to each element of the array:
Each array element is accessed by its numerical index:
Alternatively, you can use the shortcut syntax to create and initialize an array:
Here the length of the array is determined by the number of values provided between braces and separated by commas.
You can also declare an array of arrays (also known as a multidimensional array) by using two or more sets of brackets, such as String[][] names . Each element, therefore, must be accessed by a corresponding number of index values.
In the Java programming language, a multidimensional array is an array whose components are themselves arrays. This is unlike arrays in C or Fortran. A consequence of this is that the rows are allowed to vary in length, as shown in the following MultiDimArrayDemo program:
The output from this program is:
Finally, you can use the built-in length property to determine the size of any array. The following code prints the array's size to standard output:
Copying Arrays
The System class has an arraycopy method that you can use to efficiently copy data from one array into another:
The two Object arguments specify the array to copy from and the array to copy to. The three int arguments specify the starting position in the source array, the starting position in the destination array, and the number of array elements to copy.
The following program, ArrayCopyDemo , declares an array of String elements. It uses the System.arraycopy method to copy a subsequence of array components into a second array:
The output from this program is:
Array Manipulations
Arrays are a powerful and useful concept used in programming. Java SE provides methods to perform some of the most common manipulations related to arrays. For instance, the ArrayCopyDemo example uses the arraycopy method of the System class instead of manually iterating through the elements of the source array and placing each one into the destination array. This is performed behind the scenes, enabling the developer to use just one line of code to call the method.
For your convenience, Java SE provides several methods for performing array manipulations (common tasks, such as copying, sorting and searching arrays) in the java.util.Arrays class. For instance, the previous example can be modified to use the copyOfRange method of the java.util.Arrays class, as you can see in the ArrayCopyOfDemo example. The difference is that using the copyOfRange method does not require you to create the destination array before calling the method, because the destination array is returned by the method:
As you can see, the output from this program is the same, although it requires fewer lines of code. Note that the second parameter of the copyOfRange method is the initial index of the range to be copied, inclusively, while the third parameter is the final index of the range to be copied, exclusively. In this example, the range to be copied does not include the array element at index 9 (which contains the string Lungo ).
Some other useful operations provided by methods in the java.util.Arrays class are:
Searching an array for a specific value to get the index at which it is placed (the binarySearch method).
Comparing two arrays to determine if they are equal or not (the equals method).
Filling an array to place a specific value at each index (the fill method).
Sorting an array into ascending order. This can be done either sequentially, using the sort method, or concurrently, using the parallelSort method introduced in Java SE 8. Parallel sorting of large arrays on multiprocessor systems is faster than sequential array sorting.
Creating a stream that uses an array as its source (the stream method). For example, the following statement prints the contents of the copyTo array in the same way as in the previous example:
See Aggregate Operations for more information about streams.
Converting an array to a string. The toString method converts each element of the array to a string, separates them with commas, then surrounds them with brackets. For example, the following statement converts the copyTo array to a string and prints it:
How can I initialize a String array with length 0 in Java?
The Java Docs for the method
String[] java.io.File.list(FilenameFilter filter)
includes this in the returns description:
The array will be empty if the directory is empty or if no names were accepted by the filter.
How do I do a similar thing and initialize a String array (or any other array for that matter) to have a length 0?
7 Answers 7
As others have said,
will indeed create an empty array. However, there’s one nice thing about arrays — their size can’t change, so you can always use the same empty array reference. So in your code, you can use:
and then just return EMPTY_ARRAY each time you need it — there’s no need to create a new object each time.