Пароль root в Ubuntu
Как вы знаете, разработчики Ubuntu имеют свой взгляд на безопасность работы с дистрибутивом. Довольно много дистрибутивов, в том числе Debian, на котором основана Ubuntu, предлагают использовать аккаунт суперпользователя для выполнения различных задач по администрированию системы. Но сейчас такой подход считается небезопасным, поскольку вы можете забыть что работаете от имени суперпользователя и удалить какие-либо важные вещи.
Поэтому было решено использовать для административных действий, которые требуют прав суперпользователя команду sudo. Но разработчики Ubuntu пошли еще дальше и вообще отключили аккаунт суперпользователя. Если вы попробуете войти в него, то у вас ничего не выйдет. В этой статье мы разберем как установить пароль суперпользователя Ubuntu и разблокировать его.
Суперпользователь в Ubuntu
Начнем с того, что суперпользователя в Ubuntu никто не отключал, пользователь root существует и от его имени работают процессы, как в других системах. Просто для этого пользователя не задан пароль. Поэтому вы и не можете войти. Но есть несколько способов авторизоваться от имени root без пароля. Во-первых, это sudo. Команда su запрашивает пароль только в том случае, если вы выполняете ее от имени обычного пользователя. Если команда будет запущена от имени суперпользователя, то пароль спрашиваться не будет, а вы сразу перейдете в терминал root. Первая комбинация, которая приходит на ум:
Но есть и более простой и правильный вариант, вы можете использовать опцию -i утилиты sudo чтобы перейти в терминал суперпользователя:
Больше никаких параметров не нужно. Вторая команда предпочтительнее, потому что она позволяет сохранить текущие переменные окружения, что в некоторых случаях будет очень полезно.
Пароль root Ubuntu
Несмотря на приведенные выше способы решения проблемы, вы все еще не можете авторизоваться от имени суперпользователя в TTY или использовать утилиту su без sudo. Если это для вас важно дальше мы рассмотрим как установить пароль root Ubuntu и вернуть полноценного root пользователя. Только это все нужно делать когда у вас есть обычный пользователь и доступ к нему. Сначала смотрим /etc/shadow и убеждаемся, что пароля действительно нет:
sudo cat /etc/shadow | grep root
Для установки пароля для root наберите:
sudo passwd root
Теперь нужно ввести два раза пароль и готово. Проверяем снова:
sudo cat /etc/shadow | grep root
Если же вы потеряли пароль своего пользователя и вам нужна смена пароля root ubuntu, то вам понадобиться войти в режим восстановления и выполнять все действия там. Подробнее об этом читайте в статье сброс пароля Gentoo.
Дальше вы можете использовать команду su для авторизации, авторизоваться от root по ssh и многое другое. Например:
Введите только что полученный пароль и вы попадете в консоль суперпользователя. Только будьте осторожны, поскольку здесь можно случайно что-либо удалить. Используйте аккаунт суперпользователя только для административных задач, не пользуйтесь им постоянно и не запускайте графическое окружение от имени root.
Выводы
Пароль root по умолчанию ubuntu не задан, но вы можете это очень просто исправить чтобы использовать вашу систему так, как вам удобно. Чтобы задать пароль root ubuntu достаточно выполнить только одну команду, но нужно никогда не забывать про осторожность. Если у вас остались вопросы, спрашивайте в комментариях.
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What is the default root password?
I installed Ubuntu 12.04 LTS (Precise Pangolin), 64 bit. Nowhere was I asked to set password for root.
I just installed AccuRev SCM software. It was installed under the /root folder by default. Now I try do something on that folder. I tried with su to switch to root, but I don’t know its password.
Should I always use sudo or get the default root password, if any?
How do I create a launcher for software installed inside the /root directory?
4 Answers 4
By default, the root account is accessed by sudo.
For a complete discussion in the topic, and information for how to set a root password, see: RootSudo — Community Ubuntu Documentation
With that said, it is extremely unlikely you need to set a root password, I advise you use
Or for graphical applications, use gksu
Password for root is not set in Ubuntu which means the root login is disabled by default.
The user account created during Ubuntu installation is associated with all sudo capabilities. You could use sudo for commands that require root privileges in Ubuntu terminal.
However you can enable the root account and set a password for it. To do so use:
Firstly you will be asked for your current user password and after this you will be asked for the new password twice (new and retype password) as your new root password.
By default the Ubuntu installer does not set up a root password and therefore you don’t get the ability to log in as root. Instead you are given the ability to perform tasks with superuser privileges using sudo.
I’ve answered a similar question before.
While you can create a password for the root account allowing you to log in as root with su , there are some distinct benefits to using sudo.
Using sudo
Sudo is an alternative to giving people a root password in order to perform superuser duties. In a default Ubuntu install the person who installed the OS is given "sudo" permission by default.
Anybody with "sudo" permission may perform something "as a superuser" by pre-pending sudo to their command. For instance, to run apt-get dist-upgrade as a superuser, you could use:
By default, sudo will ask you for your own account password when performing this. This helps security. This is remembered for a few minutes so if you have a few tasks to do with sudo it will only ask you for your password on the first.
You will see the above usage of sudo pretty much anywhere you read a tutorial about Ubuntu on the web. It’s an alternative to doing this.
Benefits
With sudo, you choose in advance which users have sudo access. There is no need for them to remember a root password, as they use their own password. If you have multiple users, you can revoke one’s superuser access just by removing their sudo permission, without needing to change the root password and notify everyone of a new password. You can even choose which commands a user is allowed to perform using sudo and which commands are forbidden for that user. And lastly, if there is a security breach it can in some cases leave a better audit trail showing which user account was compromised.
Not having a root password makes brute force attacks on the root account impossible: this is relevant if you allow login over SSH. Instead, an attacker would need to know a local account name.
Sudo makes it easier to perform a single command with superuser privileges. With su , you permanently drop to a superuser shell which must be exited using exit or logout . This can lead to people staying in the superuser shell for longer than necessary just because it’s more convenient than logging out and in again later.
Getting a root shell
With sudo, you still have the option of opening a permanent (interactive) superuser shell with the command:
. and this can still be done without any root password, because sudo gives superuser privileges to the su command.
And similarly, instead of su — for a login shell you can use sudo su — or even sudo -i .
However when doing so you just need to be aware that you are acting as a superuser for every command. It’s a good security principle not to stay as a superuser for longer than necessary, just to lessen the possibility of accidentally causing some damage to the system (without it, you can only damage files your user owns).
Just to clarify, you can, if you choose, give the root user a password allowing logins as root, if you specifically want to do things this way instead. I just wanted to let you know about the Ubuntu convention of preferring sudo instead and let you know that there is an alternative.
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Ubuntu Default Root Password? [Change Ubuntu Password]
Discover Ubuntu’s default root password and gain privileged access to your system. Learn how to unlock the full potential of your Ubuntu installation.
List of content you will read in this article:
Unlike Windows or Mac, Ubuntu is another unique and widely known operating system based on the Debian Linux distribution. Ubuntu is available for everyone to use publicly. The uniqueness of its name sounds the history is even more unique and connected to African words. «Ubuntu» is an African word that means ‘humanity ‘. The distribution represents the best of what the world’s software community shares.
It was officially released in 2004, and now, after more than 15 years, its major OS has many editions: Desktop, Server, and Core for the Internet. All the Ubuntu editions can run all alone on the computer. Earlier, having few passionate and interested users and a good fan base, the software selection of Ubuntu desktop was not as big as Windows or MAC. Until now, Ubuntu has maintained its place in the technical world as the most preferable and mainstream server choice. However, there are specific tasks for which one must depend on your PCs and various tasks.
Years passed, and the community at present is even bigger now. Ubuntu is the best match for your daily needs. The desktop version of Ubuntu is very polished and comes with a unique user interface, applications, and games for users. Besides this, some users still find it hard while executing some commands in the terminal for some tasks.
Ubuntu is always free of cost, and there is no extra fee for Ubuntu. The root users have full access to every command and resource on the system without any restriction.
How to change Ubuntu’s root password
Changing the root password in Ubuntu is a straightforward process that enhances system security and access control. Follow these simple steps to modify the root password and ensure the integrity of your Ubuntu installation:
- Open the terminal by pressing Ctrl+Alt+T or searching for «Terminal» in the Ubuntu Dash.
- Type the command «sudo passwd root» and press Enter. You will be prompted to enter your current user password.
- After authenticating, you can set a new password for the root user. Make sure to choose a strong and secure password.
- Retype the new password when prompted to confirm.
- Once the password change is successful, you can exit the terminal.
Remember, changing the root password grants you full administrative privileges, so it’s essential to keep it confidential and ensure it complies with good security practices. Regularly updating your root password helps protect your Ubuntu system from unauthorized access and potential security breaches.
How to change Ubuntu’s root password using the Command line
By following these step-by-step instructions, you can ensure that your root password is unique and resilient against unauthorized access.
- Launch the terminal by pressing Ctrl+Alt+T or searching for «Terminal» in the applications menu.
- To change the root password, you need administrative privileges. Execute the following command to access root privileges: sudo -i
- Once you have root privileges, enter the following command to change the root password: passwd
You will be prompted to enter a new password. Make sure to choose a strong and secure password that includes a combination of uppercase and lowercase letters, numbers, and special characters. Note that the password will not be visible as you type.
- After entering the new password, you will be prompted to confirm it. Re-enter the password carefully, ensuring it matches exactly as you intended.
- If the password change is successful, you will receive a confirmation message. Your Ubuntu system’s root password is now updated.
Remember to keep your root password confidential and avoid using easily guessable information. Regularly changing your passwords enhances the overall security of your Ubuntu system.
How to change Ubuntu’s root password using GUI
Changing Ubuntu’s root password using the GUI is a straightforward process that ensures enhanced security for your system. Follow these simple steps to modify the root password with ease.
- Launch the Terminal: Open the Terminal by clicking on the Applications menu, typing «Terminal» in the search bar, and selecting the Terminal application.
- Access User Accounts: Type «sudo gnome-control-center user-accounts» command in the Terminal and press Enter. This command will open the User Accounts settings.
- Authenticate: Enter your user password when prompted to authenticate your access.
- Modify Root Account: In the User Accounts settings, select the » root » account and click the «Password» button.
- Set New Password: Enter the new password for the root account in the provided fields. Make sure to choose a strong and secure password.
- Apply Changes: Click on the «Change» or «Apply» button to save your changes to the root password.
- Confirm Changes: Close the User Accounts settings and log out of your session. To apply the new root password, you need to log back in using the updated credentials.
Remember, changing the root password in Ubuntu enhances the overall security of your system by preventing unauthorized access. Ensure you choose a unique and robust password to maintain the integrity of your Ubuntu installation.
How to reset the Ubuntu password?
Forgot your Ubuntu login password? If you haven’t used Ubuntu for a long time, and now you want to login in, and you don’t remember your password. So here is the method to reset your Ubuntu Password. You quickly get your password, and you don’t even need to reinstall it.
How to reset or change root password:
It is much easier to reset or change the Ubuntu root password using simple commands. Always use this command. It helps you to create a new root password for yourself. Just open the terminal on the desktop. To open the terminal, press
Open up the terminal!
After opening the terminal, type the command sudo space passwd space root
Use the following command to become a root user and issue passwd: sudo -i. Passwd
Or you can also set a password for root users in a single go: sudo passwd root
Test your root password by typing the given following command: su —
Method:
- [ Sudo passwd root ] & press enter
- Enter the new root password and press Enter button
- Retype root password and enter
- Password changed successfully
To verify your new password, use this command.
- su root & press Enter key
- Now Enter the new given password of your Ubuntu and press Enter Key
Now you can use your new Ubuntu Root Password. You have successfully made a new password to the Ubuntu root terminal.
How to reset Ubuntu’s root password from Recovery Mode
To reset the root password in Ubuntu from recovery mode, you can follow these steps:
- Start or restart your Ubuntu system.
- When the GRUB boot menu appears, select the advanced options for Ubuntu and choose the recovery mode option. If you don’t see the GRUB boot menu, you may need to press and hold the Shift key during startup to make it appear.
- In the recovery mode menu, select the option that says «root Drop to root shell prompt.» This will drop you into a root shell with root privileges.
- Remount the file system in read/write mode by running the following command:
mount -o remount,rw /
- Next, you need to change the root password. Use the following command to set a new password:
You will be prompted to enter the new password twice. Note that when you type the password, it won’t be visible on the screen for security reasons. Press Enter once you’ve entered the new password.
- After setting the new password, you can reboot your system by running:
Once the system restarts, you can log in with the newly set password as the root user.
Remember to keep the root password secure and make sure to remember it or store it in a safe place.
How to switch a root user account in Ubuntu
You have the option to switch on or off the automatic login for users. You can log in to your Ubuntu system in case the root is disabled by default. Ubuntu root password is disabled by default due to some security reasons. This method explains to you how to enable the Ubuntu root password.
Sudo Users
Ubuntu users highly recommend performing system tasks by granting access to the tool name sudo. To organize and run a program Sudo is quite essential. The initial user created by Ubuntu is already a member of the study group. If you want to access another user, add the user to the sudo:
usermod -AG sudo username
To elevate temporary root users privileges, run the command prefix sudo:
The first time you use Sudo, you will be prompted to enter the password. If you want to run the command with sudo without entering the password, you must edit the sudoers file.
It will open the / etc/ sudoers file with your desired command line to edit. Copy the following given line by replacing username with your desire username:
Username ALL=(ALL) NOPASSWD: ALL
Ubuntu Default Password
Ubuntu is both the username and the password. A username and password are specified to Ubuntu during the installation. You can’t find any default login password of Ubuntu or any operating system. By default, the Ubuntu root account password is locked in Ubuntu.
How to disable your root user account in Ubuntu
In Ubuntu, the root account is typically disabled by default, and users are encouraged to use the sudo command to perform administrative tasks. However, if you have enabled the root account and want to disable it, you can follow these steps:
- Open a terminal on your Ubuntu system.
- Run the following command to set a password for the root account (if you haven’t already done so): sudo passwd root
You will be prompted to enter and confirm a new password for the root account.
- Once the root password is set, run the following command to lock the root account: sudo passwd -l root
This command locks the root account, effectively disabling it.
After following these steps, the root account should be disabled on your Ubuntu system. Using the sudo command with your regular user account for administrative tasks is recommended instead of relying on the root account.
Advantages and Disadvantages of Ubuntu
Here you can find the pros and cons of using Ubuntu leaving root logins disabled by default, includes:
- People often forget their login passwords occasionally (the root password).
- It avoids the access of «I can do anything» login by default. It will prompt for a password earlier; the changes can happen!
- Sudo adds a log access of the command(s) run (in /var/log/auth.log). In case you were in trouble, you can go to the authorities and run.
- Every cracker trying to brute-force their manner in on a server will know it has an account named root and could try that first.
- What they do not know is the usernames of your other users. Due to the fact that the root account password is locked, this attack doesn’t pose any threat at all as there may be no password to crack or guess inside the first location.
- Allows easy transfer of admin rights by adding or removing users. When you use only one Ubuntu root password, you could change the root password if you forgot.
- Sudo may be set up with a safety policy.
This Ubuntu root account password should not be shared with all people who need to perform the desktop’s administrative task(s).
Automatically the authentication expires after some time (you can also set the time duration). So if you walk away or leave your desktop a few times from the terminal after running commands as root using sudo, you will not be leaving a root terminal open indefinitely.
Conclusion
The root user password is disabled, but that does not mean your Ubuntu root account has been removed. Logging in as the root user is impossible because no passwords have been set for the root account. To enable the Ubuntu root password, which is disabled by default due to security reasons, you need to set the Ubuntu root password. While entering the password, make sure to use different numerals, special characters, or letters to make a strong password. Hence, setting up a unique combination of root passwords is crucial to maintaining your account’s security.
You can also add special characters to your password. Add up to at least 16 characters with upper, lowercase letters, and numbers. It is how we can change the default root password.