Установка Wine Linux Mint
Wine — это программа с открытым исходным кодом, которая позволяет запускать Windows-приложения, в том числе и игры в среде Linux и MacOS. Можно сказать, что это слой совместимости между операционной системой и Windows-программами. Вызовы процедур из библиотек Windows подменяются на системные вызовы Linux и с помощью этого появляется возможность запускать Windows-программы в Linux.
В этой статье мы рассмотрим как выполняется установка Wine Linux Mint 20, а также установка Winetricks (вспомогательный скрипт для загрузки и установки различных распространяемых библиотек, необходимых для запуска некоторых программ в Wine) и настройка программы.
Установка Wine в Linux Mint 20.2
За последнее время Wine очень сильно продвинулся в плане запуска игр. Благодаря библиотеке DXVK уже можно запускать и играть во многие игры для Windows без потери производительности.
Подробная установка Wine на разные ОС описана на официальном сайте. На сайте в разделе установки необходимо в качестве дистрибутива выбрать Ubuntu, так как Linux Mint основан на Ubuntu.
Сначала для 64 битных систем необходимо добавить поддержку архитектуры i386. Для этого необходимо выполнить команду:
sudo dpkg —add -architecture i386
Далее необходимо добавить официальный ключ для репозитория Wine:
wget -nc https://dl.winehq.org/wine-builds/winehq.key
sudo apt-key add winehq.key
Подключаем официальный репозиторий:
sudo add-apt-repository ‘deb https://dl.winehq.org/wine-builds/ubuntu/ focal main’
Далее необходимо обновить индексы пакетов:
sudo apt update
Далее необходимо выбрать, какой релиз (стабильный или тестовый) необходимо установить. Для установки стабильного релиза необходимо выполнить команду:
sudo apt install —install-recommends winehq-stable
Для установки тестовой сборки необходимо выполнить команду:
sudo apt install —install-recommends winehq-devel
В качестве примера была выбрана стабильная версия:
Установка Wine в Linux Mint 20.2 завершена. В следующем разделе будет рассмотрена установка Winetricks.
Установка Winetricks в Linux Mint 20
Скачиваем пакет Winetricks:
Делаем скачиваемый файл исполняемым:
sudo chmod +x winetricks
Для удобства переместим Winetricks в директорию /usr/bin:
sudo mv -v winetricks /usr/bin
Теперь Winetricks можно запустить, просто выполнив в терминале команду:
При первом запуске программа сообщит что в системе отсутствует пакет wine-monoнеобходимый для запуска .NETприложений. Для установки пакета нажмите на Install.
Настройка Wine в Linux Mint 20.2
Для начала необходимо установить пакет cabextract. Данный пакет позволяет работать с типами файлов .cab. Формат используется в ОС семейства Windows и используется в различных технологиях установщиков Microsoft. Для установки выполните команду:
sudo apt -y install cabextract
Далее необходимо указать использование 32-битного префикса. Для этого в терминале необходимо выполнить команду:
Для настройки Wine необходимо выполнить команду winecfg с правами root:
При первом запуске программа сообщит что в системе отсутствует пакет wine-mono необходимый для запуска .NET приложений. Для установки пакета нажмите на Install. Дождитесь установки.
В открывшемся окне в поле Windows Version необходимо указать желаемую версию Windows. Рекомендуется использовать Windows 7 или Windows 10. Нажмите на OK. Далее запустите Winetricks при помощи команды:
В появившемся окне выберите пункт Select the default wineprefix и нажмите ОK:
Далее выберите пункт Install a font:
Необходимо выбрать пункт allfonts и нажать на ОК. Данная опция установит сразу все шрифты. Если в процессе установки шрифтов будут ошибки, тогда необходимо установить шрифты по одному или выбрать необходимые.
После завершения установки шрифтов откройте Winetricks еще раз и выберите пункт Install a Windows DLL or component для установки программ и библиотек. В открывшемся окне появится список всех доступных программ для установки. Рекомендуется сразу установить DirectX и .NET Framework. Отметьте галочками необходимые программы и нажмите на OK. Дождитесь установки программ.
Для запуска установленных программ необходимо ввести в терминале команду wine и имя установленной программы. Например, для запуска программы cmd (командная строка Windows) необходимо выполнить команду:
Для выхода необходимо ввести команду exit.
Выводы
В этой статье была рассмотрена установка Wine в Linux Mint 20.02. Если у вас остались вопросы, спрашивайте в комментариях!
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How to Install Wine on Linux Mint 21/20
Linux Mint users often look for ways to expand their software options and enhance their overall computing experience. One such solution to broaden the range of available applications is Wine. This powerful compatibility layer allows users to run Windows applications on Linux systems seamlessly. In this introduction, we’ll discuss the benefits of using Wine, explore the role of WineHQ, and learn how it can benefit Linux Mint users.
Why Linux Mint Users May Be Interested in Using Wine
- Run Windows Applications: Wine enables Linux Mint users to run thousands of Windows applications, including popular productivity tools, multimedia applications, and games, without needing a Windows operating system.
- Cost-effective Solution: Wine saves users from purchasing a separate Windows license or setting up a virtual machine, providing a cost-effective and resource-efficient solution.
- Active Development and Support: A dedicated community continuously develops and improves wine, ensuring the compatibility layer remains up-to-date and relevant.
- Integration with Linux Environment: Wine allows for seamless integration of Windows applications within the Linux environment, giving users a cohesive computing experience.
- Customization: Users can configure Wine according to their needs, providing a tailored experience that caters to individual preferences and requirements.
WineHQ: The Hub for Wine Resources and Development
WineHQ is the central repository and development hub for Wine. It offers several essential resources for Wine users, such as:
- Official Wine Releases: WineHQ provides the latest stable, pre-release, and development versions of Wine, ensuring access to the most up-to-date and feature-rich releases.
- Application Database: The Wine Application Database (AppDB) contains a comprehensive list of Windows applications compatible with Wine, along with user-reported compatibility ratings and helpful tips for running these applications.
- Bug Tracking: WineHQ maintains a bug-tracking system that helps developers identify and fix issues, leading to a more stable and reliable user experience.
- Documentation: WineHQ offers extensive documentation, guides, and FAQs for users and developers to learn more about Wine and its features.
As a Linux Mint user, you’ll find that Wine and WineHQ provide valuable tools and resources for expanding your software options and enhancing your overall computing experience. To get started, our guide will demonstrate how to install Wine on Linux Mint 21 or Linux Mint 20 distribution using the WineHQ repository for the latest versions, which include stable, pre-release, and development branches.
Table of Contents
Section 1: Pre-installation Steps for Wine
Before diving into the installation of Wine, it’s crucial to prepare your Linux Mint system by following these pre-installation steps. These steps ensure your system is up-to-date and ready for Wine’s installation.
Step 1: Update Linux Mint
To guarantee a smooth installation process, update your Linux Mint system to the latest version. This will ensure that all packages are up-to-date and minimize potential conflicts during Wine’s installation. First, update the package list by running the following command in the terminal:
Next, upgrade any outdated packages by executing this command:
Step 2: Install the Required Packages
To facilitate Wine’s installation, several prerequisite packages must be installed. These packages help manage software repositories and handle secure communications. To install them, run the following command in your terminal:
Step 3: Enable 32-bit Support (Optional)
Many Windows applications and games, particularly older ones, are designed for 32-bit systems. To ensure compatibility with these programs, enabling 32-bit architecture support on your Linux Mint system is advisable. Without it, your ability to use certain applications and games with Wine may be limited. Run this command in your terminal to enable 32-bit support:
Both low-end and high-end systems can benefit from enabling 32-bit support. Lower-end systems will likely run older, 32-bit games more effectively, while high-powered systems won’t experience any performance impact from installing the packages.
Section 2: Install Wine on Linux Mint
After completing the pre-installation steps, you can install Wine on your Linux Mint system. In this section, we’ll guide you through importing the WineHQ repository and the various installation options for Wine.
Step 1: Import WineHQ Repository
To install Wine from WineHQ, you need to import the repository’s GPG key first. This key verifies the authenticity of the Wine packages, ensuring they are safe and secure. Execute the following command in your terminal:
Next, import the WineHQ repository based on your Linux Mint distribution version. Use the corresponding command for your Linux Mint version:
Import WineHQ repository for Linux Mint 21.xx
Import WineHQ repository for Linux Mint 20.xx
After importing the repository, run an APT update to refresh the package list:
Step 2: Install Wine
Depending on your preferences and requirements, there are several options for installing Wine. We’ll discuss five different installation methods below:
Option 1: Install Wine – WineHQ Stable Release
The first method installs the latest Wine version from the stable branch, balancing updated features and stability. To install the stable Wine release, run the following command:
After installation, verify the Wine version by running:
Option 2: Install Wine from Default Repository (Back-Up Method)
For users who prefer an older, more stable version, this method installs Wine from Ubuntu’s default repository. Although it is an older version, it is still stable. To install the 64-bit version only, run:
For users with 32-bit support enabled, install both architectures by running:
Option 3: Install Wine – WineHQ Staging Release
The third option installs the latest Wine version from the staging branch, usually a beta or testing version before the official release. This option is suitable for users who want a newer version without the instability risks of the development branch. Install the Wine staging release with this command:
Verify the installed version by running:
Option 4: Install Wine – WineHQ Development Release
The third method installs the latest Wine version from the development branch. This option provides bleeding-edge features but may be unstable or cause system instability. It is recommended for experienced users or developers. Install the Wine development release using this command:
After installation, check the installed version with:
Sometimes, the development and staging repositories might contain the same version.
Section 3: Finalize Wine Installation
After successfully installing Wine, you must configure the environment and finalize the installation process.
Step 1: Install Required Environments
Wine relies on certain environments, such as Mono, to function correctly. To set up these environments, run the following command in your terminal:
A window will appear, prompting you to install Mono and its dependencies. Click “Install” to proceed.
Example output of dependencies prompt on Linux Mint for Wine:
Step 2: Configure Wine Window
Once the installation is complete, the Wine configuration dialog will appear. This dialog allows you to adjust various settings for Wine, such as the default Windows version.
In most cases, the default settings should work well. However, you can change the Windows version from Windows 7 to a more recent version, like Windows 10, depending on your needs. Additionally, you can explore the audio, graphics, and other tabs to customize Wine further. When you’re done making changes, close the dialog box.
Example window UI of settings for Wine configuration on Linux Mint:
Section 4: Example Installation of Notepad++ with Wine
Download the Notepad++ Windows installer (.exe file) that matches your system configuration. To open the installer with Wine, right-click the downloaded file, select “Open With Other Application,” and choose Wine from the list.
Example of opening Notepad++ on Linux Mint with Wine:
Follow the installation steps as you would on a Windows system. Once the installation is complete, you can run Notepad++ on your Linux Mint system.
Section 5: Getting Started with Wine on Linux Mint
Now that Wine is installed on your Linux Mint system, it’s time to explore its features and capabilities. This section will provide you with tips and tricks for using Wine effectively, including customization options and general advice.
Tip 1: Install Windows Applications Using Winetricks
Winetricks is a helper script that simplifies the installation of various Windows applications and libraries. It can be a valuable tool for setting up specific configurations in Wine. To install Winetricks, run the following command:
With Winetricks installed, you can easily install popular Windows applications and libraries using simple commands. For example, to install Microsoft Visual C++ runtime libraries, run:
Tip 2: Manage Wine Prefixes
Wine prefixes (also known as Wine bottles) are isolated environments that allow you to install and run applications without interfering with each other. By default, Wine uses the
/.wine directory as the default prefix. However, you can create custom prefixes to maintain separate environments for different applications.
To create a new Wine prefix, run the following:
/.custom_wine_prefix with the desired path for your new prefix. This command creates a new prefix and opens the Wine configuration dialog for that prefix.
Tip 3: Customizing Wine’s Appearance
You can customize the look and feel of Wine applications to match your Linux Mint theme. To do this, you can use the winecfg command to access the Wine configuration dialog:
Navigate to the “Desktop Integration” tab, where you can adjust the appearance of Wine applications. You can change the theme, fonts, and colors to match your Linux Mint system.
Tip 4: Improve Performance with DirectX
Many Windows applications, especially games, rely on DirectX for better performance and graphics. Wine has built-in support for DirectX, but you can improve compatibility and performance by installing DirectX libraries using Winetricks:
This command installs DirectX 9, 10, and 11 libraries, which can enhance the performance and compatibility of Windows applications on Linux Mint.
Tip 5: Explore the Wine Application Database
The Wine Application Database (AppDB) is an extensive database of Windows applications, along with their compatibility status and user-contributed tips for running them with Wine. You can visit the Wine AppDB at https://appdb.winehq.org/ to search for specific applications and find helpful information on how to run them on Linux Mint using Wine.
By following these tips and exploring the various features and customizations available in Wine, you can easily enhance your Linux Mint experience by running a wide variety of Windows applications.
Section 6: Additional Commands & Tips
This section will explore additional commands and tips to help you make the most of Wine on Linux Mint, including configuring Wine for 32-bit applications, running Wine from the terminal, updating Wine, and uninstalling Wine.
Configuring Wine as 32-bit
By default, Wine is set up for 64-bit Windows applications on Linux Mint. However, you can configure Wine to work with 32-bit applications by using the following commands:
These commands set up a new Wine prefix specifically for 32-bit applications and open the Wine configuration dialog for that prefix.
Running Wine from the Terminal
You can also run Wine directly from the terminal by using the following command syntax:
For example, to run a Windows application called “example_app.exe,” enter:
Updating Wine
To update Wine from the WineHQ repository, use the standard APT update and APT upgrade commands:
Removing (Uninstalling) Wine
If you need to uninstall Wine, use the appropriate commands depending on the version you have installed:
Remove WineHQ Stable Release
Remove WineHQ Staging Release
Remove WineHQ Development Release
For complete removal, delete the repository file.
Remove Wine (Default version)
The users that installed Wine from the default repository use the following command.
Conclusion
Installing Wine on Linux Mint is a straightforward process that enables you to run Windows applications on your Linux system. Following the steps outlined in this guide, you can choose between different Wine versions, such as the stable, staging, or development releases, and configure Wine to suit your specific needs. With Wine, Linux Mint users can enjoy a wider range of software options without switching to a Windows operating system.
Additional Resources and Links
To help you further enhance your Wine experience on Linux Mint, we have compiled a list of additional resources and links:
Как установить Wine на Linux Mint 20
В этом руководстве мы покажем вам, как установить Wine на Linux Mint 20. Для тех из вас, кто не знал, Wine — это бесплатное приложение с открытым исходным кодом, которое позволяет пользователям запускать приложения Windows в среде Linux. В настоящее время Wine — незаменимый инструмент для пользователей Linux, которые не хотят отказываться от собственных приложений Windows, особенно геймеров.
В этой статье предполагается, что у вас есть хотя бы базовые знания Linux, вы знаете, как использовать оболочку, и, что наиболее важно, вы размещаете свой сайт на собственном VPS. Установка довольно проста и предполагает, что вы работаете с учетной записью root, в противном случае вам может потребоваться добавить ‘ sudo ‘ к командам для получения привилегий root. Я покажу вам пошаговую установку Wine на Linux Mint 20 (Ульяна).
Установите Wine на Linux Mint 20
Шаг 1. Перед запуском приведенного ниже руководства важно убедиться, что ваша система обновлена, выполнив следующие apt команды в терминале:
Шаг 2. Установка Wine на Linux Mint 20.
Перед установкой Wine вам необходимо включить поддержку 32-битных приложений:
Теперь мы добавляем репозиторий Wine в систему Linux Mint:
После успешного добавления репозитория установите Wine, используя следующую команду:
Вы можете проверить установку, используя следующую команду в Терминале:
Шаг 3. Как использовать Wine для запуска приложений Windows.
Чтобы запустить программу Wine, необходимо указать полный путь к программе. Например, запустим программу Notepad ++ через вино: . exe
Используйте вино для установки загруженного приложения: . exe
Поздравляю! Вы успешно установили Wine . Благодарим за использование этого руководства для установки последней версии Wine в системе Linux Mint. Для получения дополнительной помощи или полезной информации мы рекомендуем вам посетить официальный сайт Wine .
Install Wine on Linux Mint 20.3
To install Wine on Linux Mint 20.3, you need to proceed as follows:
Step 1: Check the Architecture of Your System
First, you should check the architecture of your system whether it is a 32-bit or a 64-bit system. This will later on help you in installing the appropriate version of Wine on your system. To check the architecture of your system, you can use the command shown below:
The architecture of our system is highlighted in the following image:
Step 2: Install the Appropriate Version of Wine for Your System
Since we are running a 64-bit Linux Mint 20.3 system, therefore, we will execute the command shown below for installing Wine on it:
In the same manner, you can also install Wine for a 32-bit system simply by replacing “64” with “32” in the above-mentioned command. The installation of Wine will start right after the execution of this command. However, you will have to provide confirmation for proceeding further as shown in the following image:
Step 3: Confirm the Installation of Wine on Linux Mint 20.3
Once Wine is successfully installed on your Linux Mint 20.3 system, you can confirm this by running the command shown below:
This command will display the version of Wine that we have managed to install as shown in the following image:
How to Uninstall Wine From Linux Mint 20.3?
If you wish to uninstall Wine from your Linux Mint 20.3 system at any given time, then you can simply run the command given below:
Conclusion
This article was meant to convey the installation procedure of Wine on a Linux Mint 20.3 system. After having this tool installed on your Linux system, you can easily run your favorite applications on it.
About the author
Karim Buzdar
Karim Buzdar holds a degree in telecommunication engineering and holds several sysadmin certifications. As an IT engineer and technical author, he writes for various web sites. He blogs at LinuxWays.